What is the BIOS feature named S.M.A.R.T.?

S.M.A.R.T (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology). S.M.A.R.T.
helps manage the reliability of the hard drive by alerting the system when
problems and a high degree of errors are detected. The system can then
alert users on taking actions to avoid a system failure. S.M.A.R.T.
enables a drives status to be monitored through diagnostics designed into
the hard drives circuitry. These diagnostics can be used for logging and
data protection.